Ten potentially modifiable risk factors are
collectively associated with about 90% of the PAR of stroke in each major
region of the world, among ethnic groups, in men and women, and in all ages.
Previous history of hypertension or blood pressure
of 140/90 mm Hg (99%)
Regular physical activity (35·8%)
Apolipoprotein
(26·8%)
Diet
(23·2%)
Waist-to-hip ratio (18·6%)
Psychosocial factors (17·4%)
Current smoking (12·4%)
Alcohol consumption (5·8%)
Diabetes mellitus ( 3·9%)
Cardiac causes (9.1%)
Collectively, these risk factors accounted for 90·7%
of the PAR for all stroke worldwide (91·5% for ischaemic stroke, 87·1% for
intracerebral haemorrhage), and were consistent across regions (ranging from
82·7% in Africa to 97·4% in southeast Asia), sex (90·6% in men and in women),
and age groups (92·2% in patients aged ≤55 years, 90·0% in patients aged >55
years).
Hypertension was more associated with intracerebral
haemorrhage than with ischaemic stroke, whereas current smoking, diabetes,
apolipoproteins, and cardiac causes were more associated with ischaemic stroke.
Improvement of lifestyle related risk factors
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